Arizona State University (ASU) BIO360 Animal Physiology Exam 1 Practice

Organisms that are closely related to each other typically share a set of characteristics due to their common ancestry. When considering the options given, both of the first two choices highlight different aspects of these shared traits.

Firstly, closely related organisms may indeed share some features with all other organisms, such as fundamental biological processes (e.g., cellular respiration, genetic encoding) since all life forms share a common biochemical heritage. This reflects the universal traits that are essential for life, highlighting the interconnectedness of all living beings.

Secondly, closely related organisms will also exhibit specific features that are unique to their own group. These may include morphological, behavioral, genetic, or physiological traits that define them and distinguish them from other groups. Such similarities arise because these organisms descended from a recent common ancestor, allowing traits to be passed down more closely than to more distantly related species.

Given that both shared characteristics with all organisms and more specialized features within a group are valid, the option that encompasses both situations—acknowledging both universal traits and specific group characteristics—provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationships among closely related organisms. Thus, the correct answer integrates both perspectives effectively.