What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are characterized by their simpler structure compared to eukaryotic cells. One of the most significant distinctions is that prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus. Instead of being enclosed within a nuclear membrane, their genetic material is found in a region called the nucleoid. Furthermore, prokaryotic cells do not possess membrane-bound organelles, which are present in eukaryotic cells. This simplicity in structure allows prokaryotic cells to reproduce quickly and adapt rapidly to their environments.

In contrast, eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus that houses their DNA and various membrane-bound organelles that perform specialized functions, which contributes to their complexity and efficiency. The distinction in cellular organization is fundamental to understanding the functionality and biology of different organisms, emphasizing the significant differences between these two major cell types.