What is the primary role of enzymes in biological systems?

Enzymes play a crucial role in biological systems primarily by acting as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions. In biochemical processes, many reactions occur too slowly at the temperatures and conditions present in living organisms. Enzymes lower the activation energy required for these reactions to proceed, enabling them to occur more rapidly and efficiently.

By facilitating various metabolic processes, enzymes are integral to the functioning of cells, allowing them to synthesize necessary molecules, break down substrates for energy, and contribute to regulatory pathways. Without enzymes, these crucial reactions would not occur at a pace sufficient to support life.

In contrast, the other options describe functions that enzymes do not primarily serve. Transporting substances across membranes involves different proteins (transport proteins), while structural support is typically provided by molecules such as collagen or keratin. Storing genetic information is the role of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, not enzymes. Thus, the role of enzymes as catalysts is fundamental and distinct within the array of biological functions.