What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

The role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system is fundamentally to transmit signals between nerve cells, facilitating communication throughout the nervous system. When a neuron is activated, it releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, the space between neurons. These chemical messengers bind to specific receptors on the surface of the adjacent neuron, allowing for the continuation of the signal as information is passed along.

This process is crucial for various functions, such as reflexes, muscle movement, and complex behaviors. Each neurotransmitter can have different effects based on the receptor it binds to and the type of neuron receiving the signal, underscoring the diversity and complexity of neural communication.