Which structural component of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving signals?

Dendrites are specialized structures of a neuron that are crucial for receiving signals from other neurons or sensory receptors. They are typically branched extensions that increase the surface area of the neuron, allowing for greater interaction with incoming neurotransmitters. When a signal, in the form of a neurotransmitter, binds to receptors on the dendrite, it generates a small electrical change within the neuron known as a postsynaptic potential. This change can then be integrated at the cell body, determining whether or not the neuron will generate an action potential and communicate the signal further along the axon. This function of dendrites is essential for the communication between neurons and is fundamental to the processing of information within the nervous system.